Umar Bin Khattab

Umar bin Khatttab was one of the two companions of the Prophet and the caliphs after the death of Abu Bakr As-Sidiq. Services and its effect on the spread of Islam is very great that Michael H. Heart placed as number 51 of the world's most influential people of all time.
He was born in Mecca from the Banu Adi, one of the groups with the full name of the Quraysh tribe Umar bin Abdul Uzza bin Nafiel. Families belonging to a middle class family Umar, he could read and write at that time is something that is rare. Umar was also known for his strong physique where he was a champion wrestler in Mecca.

Umar grown into a young man who respected and feared at the time. Harsh temperament makes earning the nickname "Lion of the Desert". He is also very hard to defend traditional religion of Arabs who worshiped idols and keep their customs. Even his daughter buried alive in order to maintain the honor of Umar.
It is said that at one point, Umar resolved to assassinate Muhammad. When looking for it, he ran into a Muslim (Nu'aim bin Abdullah) who then told me that her sister had also embraced Islam. Umar was shocked upon notice and return home.
At home Umar found that his brother was reading the verses of the Qur'an (Thoha letter), he would get angry and hit his brother thing. When he saw his brother bleeding by the blow he was sorry, and then requested that the text he could see. He then became very shaken by the Koran and then immediately embraced Islam on that day as well.
As a high-ranking military and a good tactician, Umar frequently participated in various battles

 confront Muslims with Rasullullah Saw. He was involved in the battle of Badr, Uhud, Khaybar, and the attack on Syria.
After the death of Rasullullah Saw., He is one of the Shabat which was devastated by the incident. He even had prevented dimakamkannya Rasullullah the belief that the prophet is not dead, but just was not in the ballpark's body, and would return any time. But after advised by Abu Bakr, Umar then realized and come to bury Rasullullah.
During the caliphate of Abu Bakr, Umar is one of the advisers of his head. Then after the death of Abu Bakr in 634, the testament of Abu Bakr appointed Umar replacing and approved by all Muslim representatives at the time.
During his tenure, the caliph Umar highly respected and feared by other countries. Islamic forces advanced rapidly, taking over most of Mesopotamia and Persia from the hands of the Persian Sassanid dynasty (which ended his Sassanid empire) and take over Egypt, Palestine, Syria, North Africa and Armenia from the Roman Empire (Byzantium).
Umar is known of his simple life style, rather than adopt the lifestyle and the appearance of the rulers of that era, he remains alive as when the Muslims were poor and persecuted. In about the year to 17 Hijri, the fourth year his caliphate, Umar decreed that the Islamic calendar should be counted from when the event moved.
Umar martyr after being stabbed by Abu Lukluk, a Persian slave origin revenge for the defeat of Persia to Islam at a time Umar was dawn prayers. Umar died on 25 Dhu al-Hijjah 23 AH and was later replaced by Uthman ibn Affan.